In this study, we present a precise, resource-efficient measurement methodology that enables flexible adjustment of the number of parallel cells through real-time replication of a physical reference cell while imposing a controlled path-resistance deviation on another physical cell. Systematic variation of resistance inhomogeneity and number of cells across three cell technologies shows that current inhomogeneity scales linearly with resistance inhomogeneity and asymptotically with the number of cells, irrespective of cell technology and whether the deviating cell has a higher or lower resistance. The derived sensitivities enable scaling of current inhomogeneity measured in a specific parallel configuration to any other parallel configuration, substantially reducing measurement effort and providing a versatile framework to study non-uniformities in parallel battery systems.

Roehrer, Franz; Jocher, Philipp; Rehm, Mathias; Graule, Andreas; Jossen, Andreas: „Real-time replication of battery cells using digital twins: A novel experimental methodology to measure current inhomogeneity in n-parallel configurations”, in: Journal of Power Sources 640 (2025) 236573, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236573